Miniature faking

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilt-shift_photography

Tilt-shift photography refers to the use of camera movements on small- and medium format cameras; it usually requires the use of special lenses.

"Tilt-shift" actually encompasses two different types of movements: rotation of the lens relative to the image plane, called tilt, and movement of the lens parallel to the image plane, called shift. Tilt is used to control the orientation of the plane of focus (PoF), and hence the part of an image that appears sharp; it makes use of the Scheimpflug principle. Shift is used to change the line of sight while avoiding the convergence of parallel lines, as when photographing tall buildings.

In many cases, "tilt-shift photography" refers to the use of tilt and a large aperture to achieve a very shallow depth of field.

Miniature faking is a post-processing technique, which involves selectively blurring a photo to simulate the narrow depth of field found in macro photography and some tilt-shift photography, making the image appear to be of a miniature model.^[5]

Smallgantics

Smallgantics is a digital post production technique to simulate miniature cinematography on full scale filmed sequences, created and developed by a team of several artists at Bent Image Lab in Portland, Oregon, and inspired by the tilt-shift photography of Olivo Barbieri.